Page 9 - TBAS-January-2021

TBAS January 2021 .................... -9-
has a lower salt content than the surrounding water, and these fish must
drink continually to maintain the water balance in their bodies. By this
means, regular intake of vitamins from the water is ensured.

HOLE IN THE HEAD

The condition called ‘’hole in the head” in saltwater fish is
thought to be caused through vitamin deficiency. It can be healed by the
regular addition of vitamins to the water (entire vitamin complex), and
the destruction can be avoided.
In freshwater fish, the hole in the head condition can be caused by
both water quality and vitamin deficiency. The accompanying
symptoms of this condition, such as Spironucleus symphysodonis,
Ichthyophonus hoferi, or bacteria can indeed occur along with the
condition, but usually they are not the cause.
Frequently, the addition of a high vitamin flake food during
occurrences of the hole in the head disease in fresh water fish helps the
healing of the deep holes and a full recovery from the disease. I usually
administer a vitamin A and B complex in the food and in the water.

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